How did you clone the drive? The best way to clone a macOS boot drive is by using Carbon Copy Cloner (at least until macOS 12.3 where Apple broke the bootable clone functionality). If you are cloning macOS Big Sur or Monterey, then you need to enable the "Legacy Boot" option within CCC to makae a bootable clone (up to macOS 12.3, 12.3.1 broke this). Some people use SuperDuper!, but I always found CCC easier to use (at least years ago).
I'm not aware of any terminal commands to fix things. The closest thing is the "bless" command or the newer "systemsetup" command to select a Startup Disk. Neither of these commands will help with a slow drive and spinning wheels. Running a First Aid scan is the only thing that could possibly help with performance issues if the file system is corrupt, but you should run First Aid using Disk Utility if possible.
Slow drives and spinning wheels are either caused by a hardware issue, file system issue, or a software issue. You should be looking at these things. To look for possible software issues you can run EtreCheck and post the report here using the "Additional Text" icon which looks like a piece of paper. If you give EtreCheck "Full Disk Access" the report will contain more details which may contain more clues.
You can try running the Apple Diagnostics.
You don't even provide any specific details of the problem such as the exact model of the Mac and version of macOS (for both Macs), nor the make & model of the drive and adapters & cables used plus how the drive is being connected. All of this is very important information in order to assist you. You can get the exact model by clicking the Apple menu and selecting "About This Mac".