Is there a way to go back to the previous Mac Systems Preferences menu?

Not inside Ventura. You can however, go back to Monterey if you can't adjust to the change in Ventura.

See --> Restore Shipping Software

I've now spent a few days with the new System Preferences in Ventura and have adjusted well to them. Perhaps as an iPhone/iPad user, they seem very intuitive to me?

I agree with you. They're trying to make it more like an iPhone's settings.

I usually do a search in the Search files for the item I want. It finds most of them.

Here's a graphi of a list of settings panes and where they are listed:

Don't know if it will help.

In addition to lobsterghost1's comments if you go back to Monterey you will have to have a backup copy of your Photos library that existed prior to your upgrading to Ventura. There's no backward compatibility in Photos.

As for the alarm, I don't have a solution but there is a workaround until a solution is found: don't sleep the Mac. Instead just put the screen to sleep. With solid state drives sleeping the Mac isn't as necessary as it was with rotational drives. Just make sure this option is deselected:

I think the new "settings" is clunky and more of a difficult transition from the familiar "preferences" that mac users have been using for years than programmers realize. I have been working on some software settings in my Macbook, and this new arrangement is really cumbersome, unfamiliar, and unlikable. Users should have the option to used the old familiar "preferences" format rather that be forces to use "settings." They both contain the same information, this shouldn't be difficult.

Feel free to send Apple feedback.

Feedback - macOS - Apple