I have had this issue since early December- 2 kids with iPads, I have a 14 pro max and it seemed to coincide with my transfer to that phone. It’s like screen time is haunted and makes really weird changes in its own. I’ve literally seen settings change on their own in the moment.
I have an escalated case with Apple support- going on 3 weeks. The report as of today is that this is now a known issue, meaning it’s happening to multiple people, and they are currently investigating it.
their advice to me in the meantime is to not use my phone to manage screen time, but rather manage it directly on my kid’s devices. I have noticed that if I do ANYTHING on my phone it will set off a series of errors. If I restart the iPads and set it up just on the iPad, and don’t do ANYTHING on my phone, the settings seem to work.
hope they fix it soon, cause I’m sure a lot of kids are accessing inappropriate content!