Is this one of the problems documented with the update?
We don't have access to that type of information. But, I can find virtually nothing using a quick search on this support forum with the same issue.
We assume that you have already tried a different cable, restarted your Mac and phone, etc.
The next step would be to perform a Forced Restart on the phone.......Force restart iPhone - Apple Support
Follow the instructions very carefully. Many users do not hold down the Side button long enough for the Apple logo to appear in the center of the screen.....instead, they release the button too soon and use the slider to power off the phone. That's not correct.
There are only two possible results when you perform the Forced Restart
1) The phone returns to normal operation
2) The phone has a hardware problem that will need attention at the Apple Store or authorized Apple Service shop
It's hard to understand how a software update could create a hardware problem, but anything is possible, I suppose.