determining printer IP address used by configured printer MacOS 13.4.2

Just re-add the printer again to see if the "new" printer works (give it a slightly different name from the old one unless you first delete the old printer from macOS).

If the printer is on a local subnet with your computer, then don't use an IP address to connect since IP addresses can change. This how Air Print (formerly Bonjour) worked. If you want to use an IP address, then make sure your router is configured to reserve that IP for that device (some routers allow this, but most do not).

Have you tried to reboot both the printer and your Mac? Many times a simple reboot can fix things.

Many printers have a way to print out a configuration page that shows the IP address. This is done through the printer controls on many of them. You might want to check the manual for your printer to see how to print the config or setup page. If it has a display on the printer, you could also find the network section and verify the IP address it has programmed in it.

Example: https://oip.manual.canon/USRMA-0257-zz-SS-enUV/contents/09020023.html

And support Here: https://www.usa.canon.com/support/p/color-imageclass-mf644cdw

Maybe what you want is in

/etc/cups/printers.conf

Unless the printer is found via Bonjour, in which case it just may have a name that the Mac looks up via Bonjour when it goes to print something.

Usually, and as you have proven, re-adding the printer resolves this. I have a range of DHCP addresses in my router that are dynamically assigned to devices on my network. My AirPrint printer, however, has a reserved, fixed IP address just below that DHCP address range and remains entirely reliable as long as the router has power.