I have this exact same problem.
AppleTV 4k 3rd gen, Sonos Arc(+surrounds&sub), LG G2.
It started with tvOS17 and did _not_ get fixed with 17.2 yesterday.
When I use a few of the apps - such as Peacock or Prime - I will get everything that should be center channel erroneously coming out of the rear right, all the music and background coming out of the center, and nothing coming out of the sub or rear left.
I can fix it by going into the AppleTV app and playing something that has Atmos. The TV displays "Atmos" in the top right, the sound plays OK in the AppleTV app, then I can *usually* switch back to the offending app and sound will work correctly. This works 8 out of 10 times, occasionally I need to do it two times for it to take hold.
This is incredibly annoying.
The reason I *know* it is something to do with Apple's device (although to be fair it could be bad app code *on* the device - so it could be the developers for Prime or Peacock or whatever) - is that it works OK in some apps and not in others. If it were LG or Sonos - then none of the apps on the Apple TV should work. But since some of the apps work OK, and it is also able to correct itself with fiddling - it HAS to be something in the Apple TV somehow.
Now - if it is a library or framework that the app developer uses, or maybe the app developer does something out of order or whatever - it only started in tvOS17 so the OS definitely had some sort of impact here - and maybe it is a little bit of shared responsibility. But the OS can definitely fix it because it worked fine in ios16 ...
I know this is not helpful really to all of you - but I wanted to make sure that it was shared that I too have the same problem and it's not rare. This happens literally multiple times a day!
Also - like others here - I am an IT professional with years of experience with AV setups and software configs, so its not like I have no idea what I am doing and am accidentally plugging my HDMI cord into my blender or trying to set my TV to a nonsense config. I have done all of this for years and this setup worked great before the os17 suite of things came out (although the os17 versions of stuff fixed the mess that os16 was with HomeKit so its kind of a bittersweet problem here).