I find many of the answers on this thread annoying. Most are saying "don't share your apple ID", with yourself, your kids, your spouse. Wonder why Apple has Family Sharing? I have 2 phones. One is for work, one personal. I SHARE with myself so I don't have to buy apps that I use differently depending the phone (work or home stuff). I share my music so my son (who can't use a phone due to handicaps) can listen to the same music so I don't have to buy it twice. And I use it for Find My as I do misplace one or both phones occasionally.
Prior to iOS17, turning off iCloud completely fixed the issue. This is not an iCloud or Facetime (something
I have turned off) issue. It is a forced change in iOS17.
I suspect (can't prove) that Apple turned airplay back on (if you had it off as I did) to accommodate the new handoff feature. I updated both phones and made zero changes. Spotted the calls being shared between the phones. Looking through settings found the airplay turned on. I suspect this is what caused the issue and until people who actually have 2 phones (and are NOT sharing their ID "with others") complain, they will realize they stepped on something.
I know this is a place to look for help - which is why I came to this thread - HOPING someone had found a solution. I am just amazed at the number of people who offer an opinion about something they aren't even participating in to understand WHY IDs are shared - legitimately. The assumption is we are idiots for doing so!!!
Unfortunately, no solutions here - yes, I have already sent my feedback to Apple.