That's been well established that this arrived with the iOS 17 update. But that doesn't change the fact that Apple doesn't, and hasn't recommended two people share an Apple ID for years now. You're just now seeing a new justification to separate the two phones from the same Apple ID. Apple clearly doesn't believe the merging of call logs and voicemail on two phones using the same Apple ID is an issue. You may of course, but if you contact Apple, they're going to tell you they don't recommend using the same Apple ID on two phones.
You can then use Family Sharing to share apps, storage, etc. Or you can accept that your call logs and voicemail will now be merged.
I find it interesting that people find this intrusive, when two people on the same Apple ID can check each other's text messages, without permission from the other user on the same Apple ID. Yes, you can uncheck the other phone number in messages, but you can just as easily turn it on and the other user will never know if you're reading their text messages. Why aren't people all up in arms over this? Instead, they're upset that their calls are showing on the other phone. Kind of pointless to be upset about calls if people aren't upset about being to read the other users text messages, don't you think?