As long as your carrier in France supports eSIM, it will likely work, but you need to confirm with your carrier that a phone manufactured for the US will work on their network. You'll also have to ONLY buy the phone and pay in full for it at an Apple Store. Apple is the only place to buy a fully unlocked iPhone.
Now, the bad news. iPhone is sold regionally. iPhone's sold in the US are dual eSIM only. If you need a phone with a physical SIM, you can't buy one in the US. More importantly, iPhone Warranty is NOT International. This means once you are back home in France, if you have any issue with the phone, you will be denied warranty support in France and you will HAVE to bring the phone back to the US for service (batteries and screen replacements excepted).
Is is NEVER a good idea to buy your phone outside the country you live and will use it. ANY savings you may see buying it outside your country will evaporate and then some should you need warranty support.
Buyer Beware.