NOTHING THAT WORKED FOR OTHERS WORKED FOR ME. Not the winsock thing, nor uninstalling and reinstalling everything Apple, not erasing backups, etc.
THIS DID WORK:
I used the Windows 7 System Restore feature to roll back Windows to a couple of days before the problem started. (Check your last sync on the iPhone). The rollback took about 5 minutes. Then I connected my iPhone and it has been syncing beautifully ever since.
It appears that there was a program or windows update that was not installed correctly. By rolling back the operating system, I was able to eliminate it's influence.
If you've also tried *everything* and you're still stuck, try this and tell me if it helped.
E