I came across this thread while searching for a solution to a problem I'm having, but it seems like the solutions given to others might be specific to them and I want to ensure I don't mess anything up further. If anyone can help walk me through how to fix this, I would really appreciate it.
Basically, I wanted to increase the size of my Windows 10 bootcamp partition so I could try out the free Overwatch open beta going on right now. So I went into Disk Utility and tried to increase the size of the bootcamp partition, but it wouldn't let me. It would let me create a new empty partition, though, so I thought I could work with that. So I made a new 5 GB partition, but once I tried rebooting into Windows, it wouldn't work. I don't get the option to select Windows at boot anymore. It just lists Macintosh HD at the only option. So I went back to Disk Utility and deleted the new partition I had made, but it's still not allowing me to boot into Windows.
Here is the Terminal output for the commands you listed:
$ diskutil list
/dev/disk0 (internal, physical):
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
0: GUID_partition_scheme *500.3 GB disk0
1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1
2: Apple_CoreStorage Macintosh HD 388.4 GB disk0s2
3: Apple_Boot Recovery HD 650.1 MB disk0s3
4: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 111.0 GB disk0s4
/dev/disk1 (internal, virtual):
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
0: Apple_HFS Macintosh HD +388.1 GB disk1
Logical Volume on disk0s2
BADA0F47-13F7-4920-ABB4-2ED458405A0F
Unlocked Encrypted
$ diskutil cs list
CoreStorage logical volume groups (1 found)
|
+-- Logical Volume Group E5C14C1F-1E21-4D66-98AC-5AE7969E32E1
=========================================================
Name: Macintosh HD
Status: Online
Size: 388418744320 B (388.4 GB)
Free Space: 6533120 B (6.5 MB)
|
+-< Physical Volume 7E003CB6-6606-4617-BB5D-2082F61E64D7
| ----------------------------------------------------
| Index: 0
| Disk: disk0s2
| Status: Online
| Size: 388418744320 B (388.4 GB)
|
+-> Logical Volume Family 822B8A7C-F4C8-4EBD-954A-45D43FFC4388
----------------------------------------------------------
Encryption Type: AES-XTS
Encryption Status: Unlocked
Conversion Status: Complete
High Level Queries: Fully Secure
| Passphrase Required
| Accepts New Users
| Has Visible Users
| Has Volume Key
|
+-> Logical Volume BADA0F47-13F7-4920-ABB4-2ED458405A0F
---------------------------------------------------
Disk: disk1
Status: Online
Size (Total): 388055695360 B (388.1 GB)
Revertible: Yes (unlock and decryption required)
LV Name: Macintosh HD
Volume Name: Macintosh HD
Content Hint: Apple_HFS
$ sudo gpt -vv -r show /dev/disk0
gpt show: /dev/disk0: mediasize=500277790720; sectorsize=512; blocks=977105060
gpt show: /dev/disk0: Suspicious MBR at sector 0
gpt show: /dev/disk0: Pri GPT at sector 1
gpt show: /dev/disk0: Sec GPT at sector 977105059
start size index contents
0 1 MBR
1 1 Pri GPT header
2 32 Pri GPT table
34 6
40 409600 1 GPT part - C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
409640 758630360 2 GPT part - 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
759040000 1269760 3 GPT part - 426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
760309760 216795136 4 GPT part - EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
977104896 131
977105027 32 Sec GPT table
977105059 1 Sec GPT header
$ sudo fdisk /dev/disk0
Disk: /dev/disk0 geometry: 60821/255/63 [977105060 sectors]
Signature: 0xAA55
Starting Ending
#: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1: EE 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 1 - 409639] <Unknown ID>
2: AC 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 409640 - 758630360] <Unknown ID>
3: AB 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 759040000 - 1269760] Darwin Boot
4: 0C 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 760309760 - 216795136] Win95 FAT32L