Hi,
The number of dots or stars seen in any password field rarely matches the number of dots/stars.
Some apps tend to show 8 and now more commonly 12 are shown.
The "Delivered" is feedback from the iMessages server that it has dealt with the iMessages you sent.
It will tend to read "Sent" until that happens.
If the person you are chatting to is allowing Read Receipts you may then get the "Read" status message at a later point.
The Mac Version has to be the "front app" and the particular iMessages conversation has to be the top conversation fro the Read Receipt to be sent back.
There are similar steps that someone on an iPhone might also make from unlocking the phone to opening the Messages app and the actual conversation.
Password Changes
These need to be done at Apple first if we are talking about the Apple ID.
Most apps that are using that ID and password are likely to pop an alert when you need to change it for the app (on launch).
System Preferences > iCloud, Mail and iTunes may show alerts before you get to open the Messages app.
If you are using the Sign Out button in Messages > Preferences > Accounts > iMessages account and then changing the password there it is not changing it at Apple.
Having said that I do not see a "done" button here and I am struggling to think where you might see one.
If you look in System Preferences > iCloud (or the Internet Account > iCloud) you will see there is not Messages item to enable the ID for either iMessages or AIM Logins.
iCloud has nothing to do with iMessages.
The Apple ID used in Messages for the iMessages account does not have to be the iCloud one.
If they are different changing the iCloud ID's password will have not effect.
If it is the same changing it in System Preferences > iCloud (by either Pane) will not change it in Messages.
You will have to change the password in Messages for the iMessages account separately (as described above).
8:20 pm Saturday; February 15, 2014
iMac 2.5Ghz 5i 2011 (Mavericks 10.9)
G4/1GhzDual MDD (Leopard 10.5.8)
MacBookPro 2Gb (Snow Leopard 10.6.8)
Mac OS X (10.6.8),
Couple of iPhones and an iPad