I think you can get the whole thing to be covered by your custom image/background, but I believe it’s a little trickier than simply creating an image the same size as your screen because the image is not centred on the login page - it is slightly higher and is in fact centred around the position of the old Apple logo that you are replacing. As a result, you need a wallpaper that is longer than what you might expect but just as wide.
For example, my screen is 1440x900. Replacing the images with an image that is also 1440x900 leaves a grey bar of around 300px at the bottom of the screen. The gradient helps to blur this bar in, but it still doesn’t look great. I think in this case to get rid of the bar you would need an image that is an additional 2x300 (600px) in height, so a 1440x1500 image would probably do the job.
This is all just a theory at this point…but it seems to make sense to me.