iTunes Sync is disabled, so works for neither my iPhone5 nor iPad. I'm running a MacBook Pro with Snow Leopard (Mac OS 10.6.8), both the iPhone & iPad have iOS 8.0, iTunes is version 11.4 then 11.3.1 (in an attempt to return to a configuration that worked previously). The iTunes Sync button is grayed out/dimmed, & it lists only "other" as content on my iPxxx. Under Summary, iTunes correctly identifies my iPxxx. Under Info, iTunes correctly lists my Mail accounts. Under Apps, iTunes recognizes & replicates the iPxxx screens & knows how many apps I have on them. Both iPxxx devices work fine.
All attempts at sync'ing fail (automatically sync when connected, sync over Wi-Fi, ...), as the Apply button gives way to the grayed out Sync button.
Uninstalling & reinstalling iTunes from 11.4 to 11.3.1 (including removal of apparent specific 11.4 files such that 11.3.1 wouldn't be polluted) is to no avail.
The first signs of the problem came after an automatic Apple software update for iTunes that was followed by the following error message:
System extension cannot be used
The system extension "/System/Library/Extensions/AppleUSBEthernetHost.kext" was installed improperly and cannot be used. Please try reinstalling it, or contact the product's vendor for an update.
Needless to say, searching for a way to re-download AppleUSBEthernetHost.kext was futile.
Given the number of people reporting the same problem, this looks rather like an Apple bug, probably in iTunes. It would be advised that they get hopping to fix it, & publicize the fix rapidly on their website & these communities.