This is the latest update I have managed to gather from my interaction with Apple support on Twitter and through news.
With the release of iOS 10.2 Apple has not fixed this issue, but has added the ability to capture more logs when doing a diagnostic, in an effort to help them track down this issue. They are apparently aware of the issue, but I am speculating that either they don't know what's causing it yet and trying to gather as much info as possible to work on a fix or they are actually working on a fix as we speak, to be sneaked into a future update version.
Meanwhile, their advice of wiping out everything, restoring as a new phone, not using apps like Facebook or PokemonGo, minimizing background processes, etc, etc don't work. I have tried everything. Even if battery life improves a bit when you switch off those, the issues still persist where the phone shuts off at seemingly random % charge, needs to be plugged in to come back on and then restarts with a high % charge.
In my case, I have an iPhone6, about two years old, and it was working fine until the update to 10.1.1. It is now completely useless and needs to be plugged in to an external battery all the time. Apple run diagnostics on it remotely, and told me the battery needs replacement - which I need to pay. I installed the "Battery Life" app (something I recommend you all do), and it shows that there is only 11% life left in it. I don't use my phone that much, so that number is shocking. To give you context, I am now back to using my 6-year-old iPhone4 until I sort this out, and the same app says that it still has 93% battery life left in it!! So, my 6 year old phone still has 93% of battery left, while my two year old iPhone6 is down to 11%. I find that ridiculous.
I don't know if/when Apple will sort this out, but to me this seems like either a general battery failure which affects way more models than "some iPhone6S" phones, or the iOS10.x updates did something to the phones to not only shut down unexpectedly but also caused the batteries to actually drain for good.
I am still going to go through a Genious desk and see what support options they offer me, but I am hesitant to try anything until Apple comes out with a statement about this. I wouldn't even mind paying the new battery, but I am afraid that if there is a problem with the OS, it will just drain it again like it did now.
I highly recommend everyone install the "Battery Life" app, run it every day, and get a screenshot of the remaining life so that you can track it over time. That way you can see if your battery is actually dying faster with the new iOS.