This happened again today.
Last night I had to hard reset my iPhone, because I needed to make some phone calls (it sounds hilarious just like that)
I was able to make all my 3 or 4 calls.
This morning I could not connect phone calls again. So, it works for just few hours apparently.
It started with 11.0.0 and I thought it would be fixed with the first update, but the issue persists after 3 updates.
I'm not sure whether Apple do not know how to fix it, or they simply ignore the issue considering it low priority.
ps. I've also tried to disable 4G, but it did not work.