Been having this same issue as well as others (which I now find are evidently connected) ever since “upgrading” to iOS 11.
1. iMessage and SMS notifications no longer appear on lock screen.
2. Email notifications no longer appear on lock screen.
3. Left swipe no longer activates camera.
4. Intermittent screen freeze on lock screen — all meters, indicators, etc. disappear from top of screen. Sometimes if I just wait a few seconds this resolves. Other times I must unlock the phone to resolve it. And the unlock will only function with Touch ID, the passcode numbers do not appear.
My near vision is not what it once was, so I run my iPhone 6s in zoomed mode all the time. Happy to report that at least for now, changing from zoomed to standard view resolved all of the above issues. Even more happy to report that changing back to zoomed mode did not recreate the issues — they remain resolved (again, at least for now). It should be noted, however, that changing the screen zoom requires a restart of the phone. These bugs all seem connected in some way to the display or refreshing of the lock screen.