I can't speak for Brett, but I did some tests under those scenario/s, Tom.
In my first test, I imported an entire wedding shoot and did not transcode the media like I typically do (left the 'Create optimized media' button unchecked). Besides the checkboxes 'Add to existing event' and 'Close window after starting import' the only box checked was 'Copy to library' from that popup menu. After FCP was 100% done ingesting the footage, I still had artifacts.
I did a second import test in a fresh library, this time only checking the 'Leave files in place' (on a dedicated hard drive for all of my master video files straight from the cameras). I was hoping this would ditch the artifact problem, but I had no luck. I still had artifacts, at different points in the footage too. So it's completely random.
I also looked at the master video files directly from the AVCHD source, but they play back fine in Quicktime without any artifacts. It's clearly an issue importing into final cut 10.4 or later.
My solution, for others that might be reading about this problem for the first time, is to continue using 10.3.4 or earlier, if you still have it (fortunately I had 10.3.4 on one of my workstations and now solely use that workstation for importing footage).