Hi all
Quick post but if there's interest I'll go into more detail. I've experienced severe battery drain since iOS11 was first installed and lost count of the amount of troubleshooting, factory resets etc I've been through, even replacing the battery with a new one from Apple recently. None of the iOS updates have helped, neither did turning off background refresh or location services etc. My iPhone lived permanently in Low Power mode.
I eventually hooked my phone up to Xcode Intruments to get some visibility of the running processes and immediately found a process called 'Bird' running at 98%+ cpu constantly. Forums suggest the process relates to iCloud Drive sync (although most posts relate to the process also killing the cpu on OSX and Windows platforms with iCloud installed).
While I don't think all cases of the dreaded battery drain are the same issue, if you're experiencing something similar then this could be worth a try. The suggestion is to simply turn off iCloud Drive in Settings > iCloud > iCloud Drive. Caution should be used when doing so as it'll remove any files and folders / app data from your device (but importantly not from iCloud) when it's toggled off. This WILL implicate apps on your device that use iCloud to store data (game data, docs etc).
I use iCloud Drive moderately for my own files but it seemed worth the trade off to disable it for a phone that didn't burn my hand and need charging 3 times a day... It even reportedly worked for those who don't use iCloud Drive but just have it turned on by default. As for the long term and whether it's a sustainable workaround is another question.
Turning off iCloud Drive for me resolved the issue immediately. Xcode instruments instantly showed a huge drop in cpu use (back to normal levels) and finally the phone is allowed to cool down. Toggling iCloud Drive back on immediately starts the process and the high cpu. I don't believe this is due to normal conditions such as data syncing as it remains high persistently, like since September 2017 in my case.
Since doing this my iPhone 7 (iOS11.3) has been cool to the touch for days now and battery life has returned to the blissful time before iOS11 made me feel like I was relying on something that needed constant life support.