There's a thread somewhere on here about this. Garageband for Mac on High Sierra appears not to work with AU plugins.
I use Ableton Live mostly but installed Garageband on my phone to check it out. When I then installed the desktop version on my Mac Mini I had an ordeal of constantly having to force quit as all the error messages came up about various AU's not working (I have dozens on my system) and it kept freezing. I can use Garageband, but don't think I have access to any AU plugins from within it.
I assume this issue doesn't affect Logic Pro, so am at a loss why it should be a major issue for Garageband, but there you go.