@Iroten Ok, the thread was under the iMessage topic/subject, but I get what you are saying. So, I was curious and went to find a few things trying to replicate this as much as possible. I tested using Telus from Canada, and Truphone from the US.
Messages went out find. I sent message to contacts using either SIM. The right ID was displayed at the other end.
Both, using iMessage, not SMS. Each line was registered with the iPhone. iMessage and FaceTime worked.
Now, calls. If on a call on one line, the second goes to voicemail. That was not unexpected. After all, DSDS.
I then took a Samsung Galaxy Note 9, dual SIM. Tested with AT&T and Fido.
Guess what? Same thing. I was able to send / receive texts via SMS on either line, but also unable to get calls on both lines. Even with the option "Dual SIM always on", calls would not go through on the standby sim. Hence, why those devices are DSDS, or dual sim, dual standby, not dual active.
I didn't have the SIMs and Note 9 long enough to try with the reverse roaming, go on home network of the sim that was roaming, and roam on the sim that was home. I doubt the results would change though.
My only guess at this point, is a problem with the carrier of that other sim you are using, and not being properly registered for iMessage.
I hope this helps someone, It was a lot of trouble to set up and no surprises. Happy St-Patty's..... now, to green beer.