My supposed solution actually did not solve the Problem for one of my bluetooth speakers, which can only handle SBC.
So I found another article (in German: https://www.macwelt.de/a/14-typische-mac-probleme-und-ihre-loesungen,3438768) which helped me, I think the method was described somewhere above.
You have to punch in a few lines in terminal to increase Bluetooth energy output:
defaults write com.apple.BluetoothAudioAgent "Apple Bitpool Max (editable)" 80
defaults write com.apple.BluetoothAudioAgent "Apple Bitpool Min (editable)" 80
defaults write com.apple.BluetoothAudioAgent "Apple Initial Bitpool (editable)" 80
defaults write com.apple.BluetoothAudioAgent "Apple Initial Bitpool Min (editable)" 80
defaults write com.apple.BluetoothAudioAgent "Negotiated Bitpool" 80
defaults write com.apple.BluetoothAudioAgent "Negotiated Bitpool Max" 80
defaults write com.apple.BluetoothAudioAgent "Negotiated Bitpool Min" 80
sudo killall coreaudiod
the last line will kill your audio daemon after asking for your system PW. coreaudiod restarts automatically, at least in my case it did.