Hi all. I had the same issues after updating to Catalina on my 2012 21.5 iMac with FusionDrive. This was up until yesterday when I had literally reinstalled a rest copy of Catalina, wiping everything from my HDD. Now, one thing I had noticed after upgrading to Catalina was that the when I went to Disk Utilities or View Storage under About This Mac I saw a "clone" of the HDD ("name of hdd - Data"). I had initially reinstalled Catalina but not doing anything to that "clone" and the issues persisted. My Photolibrary was double size, would not download from iCloud, mail crashed (with the messages from earlier comments), Lightroom would not install, etc. It was only yesterday when I wiped everything, deleted the "clone" and reinstalling Catalina that now the system seems to be working seemingly without issues or crashes. I DID NOT use migration or recover from back up. After installing, logged onto iCloud and also restored my documents (whatever was not on iCloud) one by one by entering into time machine.
Needless to say that before doing this a back up is needed.
So, check disk utility or storage information and if you have the same, a clean install, deleting the "clone" volume is the way.
There is hope! Good luck!