When I updated to OS Catalina, I began to experience the same, extremely jarring, loud, high-pitched 'glitch' scratches when connected to my large Sony multi-channel AV receiver STR-DH590 that I listen to audio, video, and other content on my MacBook Pro 15".
Clearly, there's a Sony product commonality among this issue and the posts voicing the feedback, and I've looked online for updates of firmware and such on Sony's website to find no update or information regarding OS Catalina.
I have similarly researched how to remedy Bluetooth issues as others have listed, followed all the steps of deleting library files and the like with restarting and disconnecting and re-connecting and no option for fixing this has resulted in a successful solution.
@Apple this is jarring, disruptive, and highly inconvenient to research workarounds for Bluetooth options for audio.
I've resorted to plugging in a headphone jack 2-channel white/red splitter for my floor speakers and surround sound speaker system, but would like to be able to return to Bluetooth connectivity as there are plenty of opportunities for me to make my MBP laptop move around my design studio away from being hard-wired to my Sony receiver.