I can confirm that the Workaround Option 2 works. I'm not so sure about Workaround Option 1. (THANK YOU latzke for tracking this down and your excellent post!)
I typically ride my bike using Apple Watch activity together with my iPhone in my pocket and have been having troubles that everyone else on this thread is having. However, I have observed that my activity DOES upload if I first open the Fitness app on the iPhone and THEN end my workout. I was not doing this before and it was unreliable whether or not the activity tracked on my watch would sync to the iPhone.
I found this out by doing a test by tracking my ride in three segments: 1-Using Runkeeper, 2-Using Stravia, 3-Using Apple Watch Activity
My Move and Exercise stats reflect all three segments and both Runkeeper and Stravia. All three segments show up in Workouts as well USING the Workaround Option 2 technique of opening the Activity app on the iPhone before ending my workout on the Apple Watch.
There is no map tracked under workouts for all three rides, however, Stravia DID track my map. Apple Watch Activity and Runkeeper did not. I may not have all of my privacy setting correct, but if you want to track your activity and your map, it looks to me like Stravia is currently working.
Some more info, in the Health app, Cycling Distance, Exercise Minutes and Workouts all tracked correctly. Without using Workaround Option 2, I was getting segments of these stats missing with gaps in the heart rate monitoring as well. No gaps on my test today.
Hope this helps someone until they fix the issues...