Now that your Java in terms of macOS seems to be straightened out. I think the issue is confined to the Libre Office. Personally, now that things are in a good position (in my opinion) in terms of macOS + Java I would remove LibreOffice and reinstall it and see if its reinstall can straightened everything out.
To do this you'll want to delete two things, the LibreOffice.app in Applications folder, and the contents of the LibreOffice support folder itself. You can choose Finder > Go menu > Go to Folder, and paste in the following path:
~/Library/Application Support/LibreOffice
Then do the normal reinstall.
FYI, as a test I installed LibreOffice, opened the Database portion, and had no problem creating a new table and successfully adding some test data to that new table. Again, running my normal 1.8 JDK.
Also one more thing: I only ever use the Java JDK as that includes all the portions of the Java JRE and again, LibreOffice's website says the JDK is the version to use. I also did another test: I tried switching the Java in the Advanced settings where it listed also a newer "run-time version" I have to (occasionally for one particular) use, and got the same error you're getting trying to create a 2nd table:


Interestingly, my 1.7 JDK didn't show up as an option. Probably too old.
Anyway, I switched back to the Java 1.8 JDK, and it was fine and I created another table no problem.
So I do think wiping the LibreOffice config files from Application Support and a fresh reinstall now that you are on 1.8 JDK has a strong chance of working for you. Each version of Java is very self-contained and co-exist nicely with other versions.
If not, you'll want to create a new macOS test user and give LibreOffice a fresh install there to see if it works.