It happened to me, too. In my case, Windows 8.1 + Excel could open it. Forgive me if it may not be universally fit your case.
In Mac, copy the spreadsheet to a other named file having .xls file type and open it with Mac Excel by forcing to open. If you don't have used the latest supported features by .xlsx, it might open. However I am not a designer of either MS or Apple, so this could be a type of circumvention with case by case success ratio. Big Sur seems to have some incompatibility with Excel, in which the typing characters sometimes drops the key input. I think the Apple OS team should listen to us seriously to fix the issue.