Maybe i should clear the air on my issue as I’ve noticed slight differences in our issues.
My issues was more like the Original Poster’s issue where on regular calls, the other party can barely hear me, it cuts in and out. Other party can only hear me if I use speaker or AirPods. But for me, mine was like this all the time, with or without cases and with noice cancellation turned on or off.
However on calls such as WhatsApp, there were no issues at all.
I probably had this issue since I got the phone and hoped it was to be solved via software updates. Unfortunately it did not and with one month left till my warranty ends, I sent it in to apple.
Here’s where things got fun, the Apple Authorised Service Provider , diagnose a Bottom Mic issues. They sent my phone for repair but however to my surprise during repair, Apple diagnosed no issues. The unit came back to me as is, and the issue still persisted.
I called Apple Support and gave them a hearing on how they wasted 2 weeks of my time without a phone. And they asked me to write down in detail and send it in with my phone once more.
Finally the second time, the AASP changed my logic board and the issue was solved.
i have and assumption that there were some flaws in probably the antenna, of what’s transmitting my voice over the cellular waves via the bottom mic.
Also, one thing to note that when I was at the AASP, I hear two other iPhones during the diagnostic tests ( they play some sounds with different pitches to test your microphone). So I asked them if this is a common issue with the iPhone 12s, and they tried to brush it off by saying they see a lot of problems with iPhone 12s so they can’t possibly say.
Hope that clarifies!