I have an iPhone XS (14.2) and recently moved from MacBook Pro 2009 El Capitan (32-bit Extended Journal format encryption) to a MacBook Pro Big Sur (64 bit APFS File Vault Mac Encryption).
I had reached an issue where I could no longer get all my photos off my iPhone XS. Some wouldn't export out with Image Capture (or using the export with Preview app method) and I figured it was my updated OS on my iPhone situation and my older El Capitan Mac incompatibility.
So I decided to get a new MacBook Pro (64bit) thus my issue with getting photos off my iPhone XS to a portable hard drive would be solved. NOT....
Using Image Capture, if I drag the file from my iPhone XS to my portable hard drive (formatted to Fat32 so I can use on a PC or MAC) the file date is switched to current date/time. I loose the source date / metadata.
SOLUTION: I discovered if I create a folder on my MacBook Pro (Big Sur) and drag the file from my iPhone XS directly to that folder (using Image Capture) ... if you watch closely you will see the date on that file (within the Mac folder) show today's date/time and then switch to the original metadata (source date/time of when the picture was taken). Wait a bit of time for the Mac to do this conversion. I can then copy that file from my Mac to my portable hard drive (Fat32 formatted) and I am able to keep the original date my picture was taken.
Going from the iPhone XS straight to the portable hard drive with Fat32 there is no technology to keep the source metadata. The above solution uses an "APFS File Vault Mac encryption" technology to handle this.
I hope this helps someone. I reached out to Mac support and through a discussion and troubleshooting with the technical supervisor we discovered this solution. It's not the fastest method to get files to a portable hard drive but for me keeping the source metadata was very important and is a doable solution for me.
Thanks Apple tech support for bearing with me until we figured out a solution and pardon my notes if I called something the wrong thing but at least someone will have a solution.