MacBook Pro (early 2011) unusable — "runaway kernel task" — except after PRAM reset

I'm sorry for reposting this, but I still need help and the original question — https://discussions.apple.com/thread/252596903 — appears marked as "solved" (I don't know how that happened) when the problem it is far from solved.

Please excuse me, if this goes against forum rules, but I think that people might be put off by that 'Solved' mark.

I have a MacBook Pro (early 2011) that becomes unusable a couple of minutes after login in— a "runaway kernel task" that goes over 400%. This happens every time except after PRAM reset or starting in Safe Mode.

Following some helpful advices I already run Etrecheck, Memtest86 and DriveDX (I posted the reports there). The memory seems ok. Apparently, there might be some issues with the SSD disk or maybe with the SATA cable, but I'm not able to interpret the reports.

If someone thinks that can help me, I would be very grateful to hear from you. (And, if it's not too much to ask, please do so by answering there.)

Thank you.