Restart your Wi-Fi router.
And if you have a commercial add-on VPN client app installed, remove it. Test again.
The following was entered prior to my seeing your reply about the difference between Wi-Fi and cellular.
Which mail server is returning the 550 error? The Microsoft mail server? Or an Apple mail server?
From your first posting, I’d thought you were somehow sending the message to an Apple mail server. (To an address of yours ending in icloud.com, or me.com, or mac.com)
But if your mail account configuration is an msn account ending in msn.com, then that’s a Microsoft mail server returning the 550.
If mail to msn.com is returning a 550, then your Mail client setup is either wrong, or there’s an issue at Microsoft.
Given Microsoft sent you at Apple, I’m going to assume the former; that the Microsoft support folks suspect your mail client is misconfigured, and that something has (possibly) changed at msn to block that old setup, and the msn mail server is now rejecting your current mail client configuration.
What’s wrong? I’d guess that you are currently configured to use TCP port 25 to send to msn from within your Apple Mail configuration, and not TCP port 587, with your password, and with SSL/TLS connection security enabled. As listed below.

Which matches what Apple reports for msn:

Since the above probably reads as so much techno-babble, and you’re probably not going to want to dig through the mail server settings, remove the msn mail account, and re-add it.
That remove-and-add sequence is what Apple suggests, here: If you can’t send email on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support
Above is a sequence of guesses, based on what’s been posted so far.