I have also had this problem recently on my original gen1 iPad Air with iOS 12.5.4. It happened with a ton of different apps (I.e. over 20) and I was able to correct it for most by deleting and then re-downloading them. This worked for all but 2 which are Walmart and Lose It! Now my USAA app is failing to update but I don’t dare delete it for fear it won’t install again.
Steps I took to resolve included resetting all my settings, but I did not perform a full restore to factory defaults as Apple recommended because I know it won’t work and it’s too time consuming to have to reconfigure multiple email accounts with 2 factor authentication and app generated passwords....
I have contacted the Lose It! developer and they insist it’s a problem with the App Store, and the fact that it’s happening with so many apps to so many people supports that. However, it may just be that new requirements for later versions of iOS have broken iOS 12.5.4 compatibility even though these apps are supposed to support iOS 12.5.4 (they all say they work on my device in the App Store). What needs to happen is Apple needs to identify these apps (USAA, imdb, Netflix, Lose It!, Walmart, Accuweather, Trulia, Lowes, eBay, etc.) then reach out to those developers to inform them their apps are no longer working on iOS 12.5.4 and probably other versions, and work with them to get their apps configured and working properly on devices they’re supposed to so they update correctly.
NOTE: the common thread with many of these apps, not all, is they throw a message saying they require iOS 13 or higher but that you can download an earlier version that still works on an older OS. HOWEVER, clicking download leads to failure so there’s either a problem with the App Store, iOS 12.5.4 or a very large number of apps were coincidentally not set up correctly when updated for iOS 13 or higher such that they point to and download an earlier version that still works on the older OS.
APPLE, if you are listening, please show some leadership and work with or communicate with these app developers because it’s affecting too many people and too many apps to just be coincidence. Thank you!