Guys i am just coming over here from another discussion about this problem and also encountered this problem on my 2019 macbook pro 16" laptop. Went to genius bar did all fresh installs for weeks, had same problems of fresh installs not going through until i finally got lucky with a Big Sur install finishing. A week later still the same error. I finally found a developer thread in my developers forums that was discussing the same problem and one of the guys was suggesting to not run the apple diagnostics, but the standard memtest86. It is a command line tool, but there is a OSX compiled easy GUI version, called "Rember", that you can freely download here: http://www.kelleycomputing.net/Rember/
Please run this test and i am 99% sure it will show up with a memory error. So did mine and so did a bunch of others who ran the test. Unfortunately my laptop is out of warranty, so I would have to do a motherboard swap and pay the 680 bucks for that, which makes no economical sense. But the i realized, that this is somewhat weird??? How come that all these 2019 macbooks have this problem and all apparently upon upgrading either to the beta version of Monterey (which is the issue that came up in the developer forums) or upon upgrading to the release version of Monterey (if you are a regular customer). There has to be some sort of low level firmware that has to have triggered something within our machines, since it seems to only happen upon upgrading to Monterey.
BTW, my posts have been taken down from Apple, since i apparently violate the communities User Agreement, so now the above post is listed without my theory of why this might happen, this way it might help someone and not get pulled from apple.