I have the same problem.
I could charge the iphone using the same cable and charger, for that I had to poweroff the iphone while cable and charger connected.
This tells me it is a problem in the iOS, as only after iOS is running the problem appears i.e. If I power on the iphone again, it's showing that it's connected but not charging.
With iphone powered off while charging, it is fully charged after 1h or so.
It is annoying to connect the charger and leave my phone powered off only to charge it.
Please, some solution for this issue?