I had the same problem, that since iOS 16.1 my iPhone 12 Pro was empty within hours, even though it was only carried around in my pocket.
After a few days of analysis I found the cause:
As soon as iCloud is activated, the battery problem starts.
I observe a massive data consumption in the mobile data network.
So I reset the data consumption statistics in the settings and observed which app generated the consumption.
In my case, the address book (contacts) was massive in data usage.
I turned off iCloud syncing of Address Book (contacts) and lo and behold, battery consumption returned to normal.
I would also like to note that I had previously analyzed the processor load via Xcode on the iPhone and it was permanently unusually high. Only after disabling address book (contacts) synchronization did the iPhone's average CPU load drop back to a normal level.
My conclusion:
There is probably a bug in the address book (contacts).
I hope my post helps you.