Transfer Audio CD to USB Drive

USB DVD players at http://www.macsales.com/ offer the ability to import CDs digitally Apple's Music App will bring them in on your computer. Once on the app, you can locate the individual files on the Finder that you have imported and copy them to the USB stick. Keep in mind, you'll want to format the USB stick FAT32, or use macfuse NTFS to write to the stick the files with the Finder. Also any files compressed in MP3, use 192 kbps rate of compression and no lower, or 128 bit AAC. Keep in mind these files may not be shared with anyone else and are within your fair use copyright as long as you are the only one maintaining a copy of the file.

Alternatively, there are ways of using Bluetooth to sync phones that have had music added to them after import to your computer. Once you pair a phone with Bluetooth to your car, it usually can play your phone's audio.

Import songs from CDs into Music on Mac - Apple Support

is a great article of getting music onto your Mac.

Sync music between your Mac and iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support

explains how to sync music to your iDevice from your Mac once it is off CD.

USB sticks tend to be easier to damage their connection to your car than the phone, but you don't wan to leave your phone in plain sight when leaving your car, as thieves may want to grab it. Protect your phone with a case that protects its screen.