Same here.
But first, Update iOS 17.2 destroyed my iPhone's Recent Calls history. After I restored the phone from an encrypted Mac backup made right before the iOS update, Recent Calls history was restored correctly, but Messages has been stuck syncing going on almost 24 hours.
The phone has been on WiFi, charging and locked overnight. In iCloud Settings on the phone I have manually restarted Sync Now, signed out and back in to both iCloud and Messages, turned Messages off and back on, force restarted the phone. There is no difference other than the status of the number of messages syncing has gone from 88 to 99 to 109.
Messages seem to be sending and receiving normally, but some recent exchanges within recent conversations are missing. The missing exchanges do show up in Messages synced to iCloud on other devices, so the missing exchanges are present in iCloud and being synced on other devices, just not on the device updated to iOS 17.2.