I've spent the last two days gathering info on this problem. I have a 2010 Mac Mini and cannot get SD cards to appear on the desktop with High Sierra. However I have learned the following:
1. Don't panic and start jamming things into the slot. This reader trouble is a common issue and, as yet, among all of the various cures and fixes posted by some users on youtube, (i.e. opening the Image Capture app or reinserting a card or various cleaning methods), none have resulted in the card reader behaving normally for me, although I can get the slot to behave predictably in useless ways.
2. Don't panic and start jamming things into the slot. Just once more on that. In my view it's a software issue.
3. My internal card reader appears in the System Info under Card Reader- most of the time. Messing with the slot eventually leads to this info suddenly reporting that no card reader is installed. Even when the card reader info appears in the System Report, It has never in any my attempts related here, ever appeared in the Disk Utility App.
4. Normal rebooting with or without a card in the slot will usually result in more of the same, with the card reader info showing or not showing a card reader present. Mostly though, it shows the reader's presence.
5. Shutting down, unplugging the Mini for 30 seconds or so, plugging in back in and waiting 30 seconds, then inserting a card and then restarting results in some of the strangest behaviors. After a restart is completed, the card reader info in the system report shows both the card reader info, and the SD card info below that. But, alas, not disk icon yet appears on the desktop. The oddest, and possibly most telling thing about this type of restart is that running launching Disk Utility results in and endless spinning beachball while the utility goes on an endless quest. I let this process continue about 2 minutes before quitting the app, and restarting without a card installed. Here I get back to the normal bad behavior of the system acknowledging that a reader is installed, but won't respond a card being inserted.
6. So there I let things be. Plugging in an external reader gives all the normal functions I would expect from the internal reader. including appearing in both the system reports and the Disk Utility App. I'm waiting to hear or see of an update or some other trickery to get the reader working again.
7. Don't panic and start jamming things into the slot.
-tc