Just wanted to add my bit to this conversation.
I updated my iPhone 6S and iPad Mini 2 to iOS 10.4.1, and battery life has been absolutely awful since the update (I didn't notice it being this bad with iOS 10.4).
If I didn't use my phone much, I used to still have over 80% charge at the end of the day, now I have mid 20% with the same use.
My iPad now needs recharging about twice as often as it used to before the update.
My daughter has an iPhone 8+. I asked her if she'd updated, and had she noticed a difference. She said she had, and now her battery lasts "half as long".
I tried restoring my iPhone 6S to see if that would improve matters, but after just being sat on my desk for 9 hours, it's down to 29% battery (so no, it hasn't improved it). That's with no apps open in the background, btw.
I've told my wife not to update her iPhone 5S. She doesn't have any problems with battery life, and she's still on 11.4.
This is now getting extremely frustrating. If I could backdate, I would (I only updated because I get fed up of the pester messages).
I've had iPhones and Apple products (iPads, laptops, desktops, AppleTV etc.) for the last 18 years, so I've really bought into the Apple ecosystem, with additional iCloud storage etc., but even I'm starting to get a little fed up with them now.
Draining the battery quicker increases the frequency of the battery charge cycles, so the lifespan of the battery could shorten by several years. Is this Apple's way of getting us to update our "worn out" devices more frequently?
Bob.