Hi tntoofore,
In other threads on these forums some people with older iPhone models resolved their problems by replacing their Wifi/GPS chip-sets and antennas. To confirm your problem is not a hardware-related, I would consider the following (it is a re-paste of my suggestions to others above)
Are you sure you had a genuine A-GPS-based location, rather than a cellular/wifi-only based one?
When I had problems with iOS11, my first step was to use GPS Diagnostic. It is an app that is useful because it shows clearly when your phone has a genuine Assisted-GPS based location, or just one based on Cellular triangulation and Wifi signals. During my jog, I would keep checking GPS Diagnostic to see if it was the app (Motion X in my case) to blame, or if the culprit was the A-GPS system itself.
My solution was the following: (do so at your own risk as some sites advise against SIM replacement while phone is on, ***see note at bottom)
remove the SIM while phone was left on
shut down phone (with SIM left out)
turn on phone (with SIM still out)
insert SIM once phone comes back on
This does not work for some, but it made a big improvement for me, and it worked for others in other GPS threads on this forum. I suspect there was an issue with how the phone registers with cell towers (i.e. the cellular aspect of Assisted-GPS), and resetting via this procedure may have fixed it.
Turning the compass setting to True North, which some recommend, may also have helped.
Just for good measure, I turn location settings off for as many apps as possible, I have none set to "Always" and shut down as many apps, especially other GPS apps, when using a particular GPS app. Also, I always stand stationary until I am sure I have an A-GPS-based location, before starting my jog.
***Out of an abundance of caution, I would advise anyone to do the SIM procedure at their own risk, as some sources say you should shut down first. Apple's instructions as of today still do not mention turning the phone off here as far as I can see, although that may be their omission/sloppiness:
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201337
https://help.apple.com/iphone/11/#/iph3f11fba92
And another discussion's thread as of today seems to say there shouldn't be a major problem. Check it yourself.
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/7468878