To my understanding, "some older" Apple products does not "continuous sync" with iCloud. I have an MacBook Pro late 2009 (OS X El Capitan) which does not sync (bad apple). They only app that still syncs is my iMessages and Notes (only for various reason).
In search for a solution for my previous issue, I've came across articles that stated there are certain recovery software that reads and extracts iCloud backup information. If you take this route, keep in mind that third-party software "may" come with certain risks (i.e. viruses, bloatware, adware, etc.) however, they also are some of the best solutions to specific problems. Due diligence is needed here. I cannot recommend any software due to I have not used any of my own. This will be a journey for you and please update "US" (this community) of your success.
Thanks, Looking forward for an update. :)