Hi Lobsterghost1, while I appreciate that you are trying to be helpful, I can confirm that when the phone was not wirelessly charging, I took the phone out of the mag-safe case and the phone was still not wirelessly charging on any of my wireless chargers. Further, as I described in my post, after the reboot, the phone charges on the wireless charger while it is in the mag-safe case.
Therefore, the problem was not incompatibility between the mag-safe case and the charger. The problem is between the phone and and the charger, and only the iPhone 12 and the charger, not other devices. Since a reboot fixed it, it might be a software issue, and it could even possibly be a software issue related to the mag-safe case.
Let me explain how a mag-safe case could affect the software: When you place the phone inside the mag-safe case, a software action takes place. Specifically, a large Circle takes over the screen to indicate that the phone has detected the mag-safe accessory. For me, that was approximately when the wireless charging stopped working until the reboot. After the reboot - the circle doesn't appear on the screen.
I don't know if the mag-safe case is the culprit here. I just want to point it out in case it is a common thread for others. But the mag-safe case itself is not creating a conflict between the phone and the charger. If the mag-safe case is the culprit then it would be due to its interaction with the software - not the magnets and the charger.