I'm having EXACTLY the same problem. It seems to have started when I updated my iMac to Ventura, but I can't say for sure that it wasn't present before because I discovered it completely by accident - I've seldom had occasion to access my Apple ID on my iMac. There are no problems with my Apple ID on any of my iOS devices, but I will say that a similar (not identical) problem is present on my MacBook Pro running Monterey; I found that out in troubleshooting the iMac issue, but I honestly don't know if the MBP is affected because it's more vulnerable than the iPhone and iPad or if Monterey was complicit too. What I do know is that changing my Apple ID login (twice) and updating to Sonoma have had no effect .
Anyway, from what I've been able to find online, this thread is by far the most comprehensive in not only showing me that I'm not alone in this but describing potential fixes for the problem. That said, I've tried every one of the suggestions here and the few I've seen elsewhere, but I've found no relief. Which leads me to ask, where is Apple, and why aren't they helping with this? There are obviously a substantial number of users with this issue (probably more than reported because some, like me, have no idea they're affected till they stumble upon it by chance).
I truly wish I were offering a solution in this post, and I apologize for not having one. I only hope the thread stays open long enough for someone to offer a definitive answer to this issue.