By default an app doesn't choose a camera mode, but it can do so if it so chooses.
Most of the time the 1x camera works perfectly and apps are designed to use it.
You talk about making sense and then throw "four feet" out there which is a perfectly ridiculous number; the minimum focus distance for the 15 Pro Max is roughly eight inches.
Even if you do stand four feet away and the QR code is the size of a "postage stamp," it will scan perfectly.
If you're really curious about what app developers need to do, Apple detailed it nicely in this presentation in 2021 which covers the "minimum focus distance" property introduced in iOS 15:
"Here's a sample app called AVCamBarcode. It showcases our AVFoundation barcode detection APIs. The UI guides the user to position an object inside of a rectangle for scanning. In this example, I've chosen a fairly small QR code on a piece of paper. The barcode is only 20 millimeters wide. By tapping on the Metadata button, I see a list of all the various object types supported by AVCaptureMetadataOutput. There are a lot of them. I'll choose QRCodes and then position my iPhone 12 Pro Max camera to fill the rectangle with the QRCode. Unfortunately, it's so small that I have to get very close to the page to fill the preview. That's closer than the camera's minimum focus distance. The code is blurry, so it doesn't scan.
To guide the user to back away, I need to apply a zoom factor to the camera preview... like so. Seeing a zoomed image on the screen will prompt them to physically move the camera farther away from the paper. I can do that with a slider button, but it would be much better if the app took care of the zoom automatically.
That's where the new minimumFocusDistance property of AVCaptureDevice comes in. It's new in iOS 15. Given the camera's horizontal field of view, the minimum barcode size you'd like to scan -- here I've set it to 20 millimeters -- and the width of the camera preview window as a percentage, we can do a little math to calculate the minimum subject distance needed to fill that preview width. Then, using the new minimumFocusDistance property of the camera, we can detect when our camera can't focus that close and calculate a zoom factor large enough to guide the user to back away. And finally, we apply it to the camera by locking it for configuration, setting the zoom factor, and then unlocking it. After recompiling our demo app, the UI now automatically applies the correct zoom amount."
What’s new in camera capture - WWDC21 - Videos - Apple Developer
so even if an app worked with say an iPhone 6, app developers need to keep up or their apps will break and become irrelevant. Ironically, after almost three years few app developers have incorporated the recommended API the talk above covers.
The list of apps that do scan codes properly is lengthy but includes those from Amazon, Scandit and Walmart to name but three.