I was getting the prompt to enter the password for a Live account every time I opened the dialer and the “Update” option would only take me to the last used Settings page.
I had uninstalled the Mail app some years ago as I use third-party clients and I couldn’t figure out exactly where the update was required.
It is entirely non-intuitive to link a mail account within the Mail app to the device, especially when the said app is uninstalled.
There should be a separate Account management setting for such cases, as is the case on Android.
Seems someone on the iOS team didn’t receive the memo that the Mail app is uninstallable.
Anyway, this helped as installing the Mail app again from the store and removing the accounts from the Mail app settings has made the error go away.
Edit: Observed that after deleting the said Live account, some of my message contacts only display the number instead of name, although the name is saved in Contacts. I am getting the impression that the issue lies deeper into Microsoft Intune and how it takes over the device, as I had used this account in the past to sync my company auth codes.
Either way, the fact that Apple allows a work profile to mess up personal use is unacceptable. Yet again iOS is a step behind in work profile management compared to Android.