You will not know until you try.
Since booting got rather far, I'd say you have a very good chance of recovering your data.
-1- Safe boot may work. power off. hold down option key. power on. wait to see icon.
-2- single user mode may work power off. hold down command + s key. power on. wait to see icon.
Do you have backup? if no, and you need to recover your data. See this link:
backing up from the command line via single user mode.
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/8101803?answerId=32357328022#32357328022
You could buy an external drive. You could install macos on it. You can now look at the internal drive and copy over what you need.
Get a decent external drive. Once you sort this problem out, you should use the drive as a backup drive.
Make sure you get a firewire or usb3 connected external drive. What ever external drive you mac supports.
I'd give OWC a call. 1-815-338-8685.
I recently bought Toshiba 2.5 harddrive & OWC external drive enclosure 0gb Mercury Elite Pro USB 3.0
I previously bought an iteration of FireWire 800 + USB 3, + eSATA
or you could get the save a little money interface:
FireWire 400 + USB 2.0
This web page lists both external harddrive types. You may need to scroll to the right to see both.
http://eshop.macsales.com/shop/firewire/1394/USB/EliteAL/eSATA_FW800_FW400_USB
(2) FireWire 800/400 Ports (Up to 100MB/s / 50MB/s)
(1) USB 3.0 Port (Up to 500MB/s / 60MB/s)
(1) eSATA Port (Up to 300MB/s)
Has a combo firewire 800/400 port. Not sure what this is. Looks like you will need 400 cable.
http://eshop.macsales.com/shop/ministack
R